摘要 作者:SaritaSingh,NitinShah,JyotiMandlik,ManojNair,ShailJaggi,KalpanaKanyal摘要:本論文研究了不同精磨、拋光工藝...
作者:Sarita Singh,Nitin Shah,Jyoti Mandlik,Manoj Nair,Shail Jaggi,Kalpana Kanyal
摘要:本論文研究了不同精磨、拋光工藝對兩種復合樹脂材料加工的表面粗糙度影響,以及表面密封劑的使用對精磨、拋光處理后的表面粗糙度的影響。利用定制的不銹鋼模具制備60個6×3mm(直徑×厚度)的復合片,每30個為一組;30個為納米填充復合材料(Z-350 3M EsPE),另外30個為微混合復合材料(Z-250 3M ESPE)。將兩組試樣再次隨機分為3個子組并對其進行精磨、拋光加工。利用表面光度儀對所有試樣的平均表面粗糙度進行測量。根據制造商的指導要求,對精磨、拋光后的試樣涂上密封劑,再次進行表面粗糙度測量。利用ANOVA、配對/非配對試驗對實驗結果進行統計分析。實驗結果表明使用納米填充復合材料的精磨拋光系統加工出的表面比使用微混合復合材料所加工出的表面更光滑。
關鍵字:精磨,拋光,復合樹脂材料
引言:
修復處理后的美觀對于牙疾患者的心理健康影響和對身體健康的影響是等同重要的。近年來,隨著人們審美的不斷提高,牙醫方面對修復用復合材料的需求增加。材料表面質量是決定復合材料修復處理的重要因素;而材料的表面粗糙度則影響著修復的褪色與否,并和精磨拋光加工系統以及所用的材料類型有密切關系。適當的精磨和拋光可以實現高質量的美觀修復并延長修復的后續使用壽命。光滑的復合材料修復可以減少菌斑滯留、保持表面光澤并減少反復性腐爛。
新型復合材料(如微混合、納米填充)結合了雜化復合材料和微填充復合材料的特性,有效改善了材料的機械性能,半透明度更好,表面光潔度更高。利用不同設備對復合材料進行精磨和拋光,去除樹脂的氧化層,留下更加粗糙的表面。針對不同材料的恢復選取適當的表面精磨方式是非常重要的。本論文研究了不同精磨、拋光工藝對兩種復合樹脂材料加工的表面粗糙度影響,以及表面密封劑的使用對精磨、拋光處理后的表面粗糙度的影響。
材料和方法:
試樣制備
實驗所用樹脂復合材料為A3品級的Z-350(納米填充)和Z-250(微混合)。使用Denstply牌的密封劑。三種精磨拋光系統分別為Shofu精磨拋光裝備、SOF-Lex復合精磨拋光裝備、Mylar Strips(Unident)。用不銹鋼模具制備60個光固化樹脂復合材料的圓塊,直徑6mm深度3mm。將不銹鋼模具置于玻璃調板上,待測試的復合材料嵌入每個圓塊腔體內,掃去多余的復合材料。在模具上用聚酯帶和載玻片密封好。利用石英-鎢鹵素燈從圓塊兩邊對材料進行40秒的光固化。光源和模具中的材料之間的距離按照相關標準進行校準。最終制備出60個復合片。將所有試樣放在37℃的盛有蒸餾水的培養皿中24小時。
精磨拋光實驗步驟、密封劑的使用和表面粗糙度的測量
每種復合樹脂的30個樣品隨機分成3個子組(n=10);分別用Shofu、SOF-Lex和Mylar系統對試樣分別進行精磨拋光加工。使用Shofu、SOF-Lex系統進行加工的兩種材料,用金剛石精修鉆以旋轉運動進行15秒的表面磨削,冷卻液為水;以此來模擬修復材料的初始精磨。使用Mylar加工系統的材料在光固化后不再進行精磨和拋光。利用表面光度儀對所有試樣的表面粗糙度進行測量。
然后,進一步研究表面密封劑對試樣表面結構的影響,將Denstply牌的密封劑涂在所有精磨拋光后的試樣上,再次進行表面粗糙度測量;利用ANOVA F和配對/非配對試驗對得到的結果進行統計分析。
實驗結果
實驗結果顯示,Mylar組的試樣表面結構最光滑,Sof-Lex系統加工出的材料比Shofu系統加工出的要好。使用密封劑后的材料表面結構得到了極大的改善。不考慮精磨拋光加工,也不考慮是否使用密封劑,納米填充復合材料的表面粗糙度值比微混合復合材料的表面粗糙度值要低(如表1、2、3所示)。
表一:納米填充復合材料的表面粗糙度值對比(使用三種加工系統;使用密封劑前后)

表二:微混合復合材料的表面粗糙度值對比(使用三種加工系統;使用密封劑前后)

表三:材料表面粗糙度的對比

結論:
利用三種精磨拋光加工系統的兩種復合材料的表面粗糙度值雖然沒有統計上的顯著差異,但Mylar組的表面最光滑,其次是Sof-Lex組。Shofu組的表面粗糙度值最大。微混合材料和納米填充材料相比,納米填充復合樹脂的表面結構在三種精磨拋光加工下都較好。此外,在精磨拋光加工后,使用密封劑則顯著改善了兩種材料的表面結構。
參考文獻
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[2] Uctasli MB, Arisu HD, Omurlu H, Eliguzeloglu E, Ozcan S, Ergun G. [2007]The effect of different finishing polishing systems on the surface roughness of different composite restorative materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 1;8 (2):89−96.
[3] LS Turkun, M Turkun. [2004] The effect of one-step polishing system on the surface roughness of three esthetic resin composite materials. Operative Dentistry, 29(2):203−211.
[4] E Ruyter. [1988]Composites - characterization of composite filling materials: reactor response. Adv Dent Res 2(1):122−129.
[5] Nuray Attar. [2007] The effect of finishing polishing procedures on the surface roughness of composite resin materials. The Journal of Contemporary Practice 8( 1).
[6] Steven R Jefferies. [2007]Abrasive finishing polishing in restorative dentistry: a state-of-the-art review. Dent Clin N Am 51:379−397
[7] Reis AF, Giannini M, Lovadino JR, dos Santos Dias CT. [2002] The effect of six polishing systems on the surface roughness of two packable resin-based composites. Am J Dent 15: 193−197.
[8] Y Korkmaz, E Ozel, N Attar, G Aksoy. [2008]The influence of one-step polishing systems on the surface roughness microhardness of nanocomposites. Operative Dentistry 33(1): 44−50.
[9] AJ St- Georges, M Bolla, D Fortin. [2005]Surface finish produced on three resin composites by new polishing systems. Operative Dentistry 30(5): 593−597.
[10] AUJ Yap, JJ Ng, SH Yap, CK Teo. [2004]Surface finish of resin-modified highly viscous glass ionomer cements produced by new one-step systems. Operative Dentistry 29(1): 87−91.
[11] CYG Takeuchi, VH Orbegoso Flores, RG Palma Dibb, H Panzeri, EHG Lara, W Dinelli. [2003]Assessing the surface roughness of a posterior resin composite: Effect of surface sealing. Operative Dentistry 28(3): 283−288.
[12] M Jung, K Eichelberger J Klimek. [2007]Surface geometry of four nanofilled one composite after one-step multiple-step polishing. Operative Dentistry 32(4): 347−355.
[1] Gupta R, Parkash H, Shah N, Jain V. [2005]A spectrophotometric evaluation of color changes of various tooth colored veneering materials after exposure to commonly consumed beverages. JIPS 5(2): 72−78. s
[2] Uctasli MB, Arisu HD, Omurlu H, Eliguzeloglu E, Ozcan S, Ergun G. [2007]The effect of different finishing polishing systems on the surface roughness of different composite restorative materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 1;8 (2):89−96.
[3] LS Turkun, M Turkun. [2004] The effect of one-step polishing system on the surface roughness of three esthetic resin composite materials. Operative Dentistry, 29(2):203−211.
[4] E Ruyter. [1988]Composites - characterization of composite filling materials: reactor response. Adv Dent Res 2(1):122−129.
[5] Nuray Attar. [2007] The effect of finishing polishing procedures on the surface roughness of composite resin materials. The Journal of Contemporary Practice 8( 1).
[6] Steven R Jefferies. [2007]Abrasive finishing polishing in restorative dentistry: a state-of-the-art review. Dent Clin N Am 51:379−397
[7] Reis AF, Giannini M, Lovadino JR, dos Santos Dias CT. [2002] The effect of six polishing systems on the surface roughness of two packable resin-based composites. Am J Dent 15: 193−197.
[8] Y Korkmaz, E Ozel, N Attar, G Aksoy. [2008]The influence of one-step polishing systems on the surface roughness microhardness of nanocomposites. Operative Dentistry 33(1): 44−50.
[9] AJ St- Georges, M Bolla, D Fortin. [2005]Surface finish produced on three resin composites by new polishing systems. Operative Dentistry 30(5): 593−597.
[10] AUJ Yap, JJ Ng, SH Yap, CK Teo. [2004]Surface finish of resin-modified highly viscous glass ionomer cements produced by new one-step systems. Operative Dentistry 29(1): 87−91.
[11] CYG Takeuchi, VH Orbegoso Flores, RG Palma Dibb, H Panzeri, EHG Lara, W Dinelli. [2003]Assessing the surface roughness of a posterior resin composite: Effect of surface sealing. Operative Dentistry 28(3): 283−288.
[12] M Jung, K Eichelberger J Klimek. [2007]Surface geometry of four nanofilled one composite after one-step multiple-step polishing. Operative Dentistry 32(4): 347−355.